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Globalization is increasing integration and conflicts around the world. Older multinational enterprises (MNEs) grew slowly from advanced national origins; newer MNEs from emerging markets are growing faster and trying to diversify from their industry and national origins. Older theories of MNEs emphasized ownership and location advantages to manage (OLI), but newer theories of EMNEs stress linkages, leverage, and learning (LLL). This paper is a case study of LLL strategies by EMNEs in China’s media sector. While all sampled firms used Internet access to forge market linkages, they gained leverage and learned how to manage growth by diversification strategies and alliances.
Author(s):
John Clarry
Rutgers University - Newark
United States
